Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

Business Ethics - Essay Example It might be contended that the business proficient isn't exclusively answerable for appropriate business direct, yet the association can help moral conduct of a representative by laying set of principles which might be utilized for guaranteed reference when the individual is uncertain of the stride ahead. Business morals doesn't have a run of the mill definition in light of the fact that the rightness or unsoundness of a conduct in business isn't concurred by all as ethically right or off-base, moral or dishonest, fortunate or unfortunate. Morals has developed from old convention dependent on social, strict and philosophical convictions. Business morals is a contentious subject with contradictions emitting because of its dynamism, intricacy and relationship in business. Business activities for the most part include bargain. There are two fundamental perspectives about business morals: (a) business morals is indivisible from individual or different morals and (b) business won't be more moral than the individuals who direct business. There are sure presumptions that structure the reason for business moral and deceptive business lead. It is expected that benefit isn't the main intention of business, rivalry drives people to overlook morals, strain to bargain morals happens regularly at lower and center administration levels, an individual who act morally has an appropriate individual code, morals is most elevated among most youthful and those in the last phases of their professions, people with moral better tend than carry on morally, work environment weights to show execution can prompt untrustworthy conduct and more administrators and representatives distinguish their moral conduct with the strategies of their organization(Lewis, P.V. 1985 p.377-383). A few researchers characterize morals as an investigation into the grounds and nature of ethical quality where profound quality is considered as principles, moral decisions and rules of lead. The disarray in understanding morals is because of the failure to decide exactly the different elements of business morals and

Vietnam Essay Example

Vietnam Essay In the southeastern most piece of Asia, Vietnam is joined by 3 collections of water;the South China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand, and the Gulf of Tonkin.Cambodia, China, and Laos encompasses the internal piece of Vietnam. Vienam itself is an exceptionally little nation contrasted with the remainder of Asia, with an absolute zone of 329,560 sq km, (somewhat bigger than New Mexico).Most of Vietnams land is low, level delta areas in the North and South, sloping landscape in the focal locale, and uneven in the far north. The atmosphere of Vietnam is amazingly extraordinary to the remainder of Asia, Tropical in the south and monsoonal in the north, with a hot blustery season, and a warm dry season. The official language of vietnam is Vietnameese, while English is supported as a subsequent language, while French and Chineese are likewise spoken. Vietnam is consistently lively.Karoke meetings are exceptionally regular in vietnam andusually dont end until around 11:00pm, and they at times start again around 4:30 am.Table habits of the Vietnamese consistently incorporate the toothpick.They truly go hard and fast and attempt to get everything without exception out of their teeth and gums, bleeding or not. The principle religion in Vietnam is Bhudist, while Christianity, (generally Roman Catholic, and some Protestant) and Muslim are not a long ways behind. Vietnam isa socialist state in Asia, with a legitimate framework dependent on socialist lawful hypothesis and the French common law framework. The principle normal assets of Vietnam are; phosphates, coal, maganese, bauxite, chromate, seaward oil and gas stores, woodlands, and hydropower. Vietnam produces alot of imported garments and machiner to the United States.Other imports incorporate food preparing, oil, coal, steel, paper, mining, and concrete. Perpetual Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung has asked traf Vietnam Essay Example Vietnam Essay List of sources Author| URL| Retrieved| Skwirk| http://www. skwirk. com. au/p-t_s-14_u-116_t-316/the-sway of-the-war/nsw/history/australia-in-the-vietnam-war-era| 13/7| Vietnam War Commemoration| http://vietnam-war. recognition. gov. au/| 13/7| Vietnam War Commemoration| http://vietnam-war. recognition. gov. au/general assessment/file. php| 14/7| Vietnam War Commemoration| http://vietnam-war. celebration. gov. au/induction/spare our-children. php| 14/7| Shrine| http://www. hallowed place. organization. u/getattachment/dc8b4c54-ca76-488d-9ffe-4c11ec2852fc/vce-vietnam-war. aspx | 14/7| Moratorium Movement| http://www. rmwebed. com. au/web_resources/y10history/vietnam_war/10. html| 14/7| Write Work| http://www. writework. com/article/sway vietnam-war-australia| 14/7| Skwirk| http://www. skwirk. com. au/p-c_s-14_u-116_t-315_c-1062/supporters-of-the-war/nsw/supporters-of-the-war/australia-in-the-vietnam-war-time/reactions of-different groups| 15/7| Australian War Memorial| http://www. awm . gov. au/atwar/vietnam. sp| 23/7| Wikipedia| http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Conscription_in_Australia| 23/7| Vietnam War 1962-1975 * From the appearance of the main armada, Vietnam was a troublesome issue * Australia conveyed an aggregate of 60000 soldiers, 521 passed on and 3000 were injured * all things being equal, Vietnam is portrayed as the reason for the best political and social dispute and change * Many draft resisters, honest dissidents, and nonconformists were fined or imprisoned, while troopers met an antagonistic gathering on their arrival home. The experience of Vietnam waited with the troopers for long after they got back. Social Impacts: * Public reaction experienced a few phases during the war. * Early on, when Australia’s inclusion was insignificant with just the job of preparing Vietnamese officers, popular assessment was less basic, troops just sent to truly battle in 1965, they were simply preparing South Vietnamese warriors structure 1962 onwards * Many, similar to the pattern in the mid 60s, started to grasp the US association and thus support came about * Most concurred with the danger of the socialist domino affect(although Menzies engineered a great deal of this), which additionally prompted the acknowledgment of Australian inclusion in the mid 60s * Also, in the mid 60s, Australia was still extremely traditionalist, and the possibility of disobedience and testing authority just set in later in the decade and the 70s. We will compose a custom exposition test on Vietnam explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Vietnam explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Vietnam explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This implied at an early stage many forewarned from scrutinizing the government’s choice. * As much as war wasn’t perfect, in the early parts, before enrollment, Australian’s acknowledged the war or gave little consideration as the Australians battling were fighters who joined the Army * The socially disruptive effect of Vietnam showed up post 1964 when the National Service Act was presented. This had the implications of sending reluctant Australians to war. Draft resistors who were esteemed to not have real reasons were imprisoned on neglecting to agree to the National Service Act * They were discharged in 1972 when Whitlam finished induction * The change of the Act in 1965 affirmed the unavoidable that national hirelings could be conveyed abroad, to Vietnam. * First time, an Australian was recruited to battle outside of Aust. erritory * Socially, some differ more with the idea of induction than the war itself, this perhaps alluded to the way that socialist unea siness was as yet solid and the Domino hypothesis was genuine, just not sufficiently able to make individuals disregard individual flexibilities. * This prompted enemy of war and hostile to induction fight bunches including * DENNIS TEXT * YCAC-Youth Campaign Against Conscription. 1964-7 SOS-Save our Sons. * Formed by parent bunches who didn’t need their children sent to Vietnam. * Formed in 1965, Australia wide, basically female commanded office. * Women were blamed for being ‘bad mothers’ and socialists when they moved toward MPs or authority * SOS saw numerous Liberal voters move to the Labor camp. SOS was one of the main performance centers that permitted ladies articulation. * Basically observed ‘everyday suburban’ ladies become nvolved in legislative issues and making a move to impact political choices * The women’s development of the 70s profited by hostile to enrollment campaign gatherings, for example, SOS * Draft Resistance Movement. Shaped 1968 * The Committee for Defiance of the National Service Act. Shaped 1969 * Vietnam Moratorium Movement * Formed in 1970, by then Vietnam was the longest war we had served in * Took type of quiet fights including numerous Australians from all states. This featured the developing resistance, and somewhat stunned the legislature * ALP, and Gough took care of this enormous open show * Moratorium occasions were for a monstrous scope and to a great extent quiet, these exhibitions appeared to largerly affect government and political change. The legislature understood that, non-radical Australians had solid emotions about the war. * Really induced the decrease of Aust. Association in the war * The way that consistently, the repulsions of Vietnam were communicated on Aust. elevision sets, the development accumulated movement * The Movement aroused the individuals, the less extreme who wouldn’t ordinarily fight, fought such was the exceptional sentiments about the war * This development effectively battled for two causes; the abolishment of enrollment and the withdrawal of troops from Vietnam * Politically impacted the Labor parties win of the 1972 political decision, finishing 23 years of Liberal principle * Interestingly, just in 1969 anyway did an assessment of public sentiment recommend that a lion's share restricted the war itself. Up to that point, the objection was fundamentally established in the issue of induction instead of contention itself * However, as agitation developed, numerous enemy of recruit bunches became hostile to war with the expectation that lone the finish of the war would end enrollment. * Another huge impetus for hostile to recruit fights was the detailing of the war. * Vietnam is viewed as the first ‘live war’ where the abominations happening were being communicated into Australian front rooms. This made sending youthful Australians into war without wanting to significantly progressively ill-conceived. This additionally prompted a scrutinizing of whether this was ‘just’, or being embraced in the most human way that could be available. * This had the impact of additionally turning numerous enemy of recruit gatherings, to become hostile to war by and large. The way that Vietnam was ‘live’ additionally helped the destruction of the Liberal government a s individuals had direct proof to address what the administration was getting Australia and especially our youngsters into. Following the Labor triumph, and Gough Whitlam’s request for withdrawal, social effect for the returning troopers would result * Trade Unions likewise restricted the war, they marked it ‘blood for Dollars’ or ‘diggers for dollars’ in light of the fact that they accepted we were just battling to the US would keep up its speculation into Australia. This view was not so much right * By the last stages, the bigger larger part of resistance originated from college understudies. From the outset, the response was unassuming and numerous just saw the war along their favored ideological group lines * However, following induction, uni understudies started to turn out in full power. A portion of this opinion started to be partaken in the more extensive network as the war advanced into the late 60s * One of the significant social effects of the war was the destiny of the brought officers back. Because of the open idea of Vietnam and the barbarities that Australian individuals saw the veterans were not commended in a similar manner as past war vets * This was an enormous change from before when the ANZACs were treated as legends * The awfulness of this was as much as the Aust. Individuals were affected by what they saw, the genuine warriors were scarred undeniably more signifi

The role of using first language (L1) and translation in young Essay - 2

The job of utilizing first language (L1) and interpretation in youthful learners’ classes - Essay Example ys: right off the bat, by methods for a little scope overview of EFL educators, utilizing a survey; also, through on-line interviews with three previous instructors; and, at long last, by methods for study hall perceptions in three classes. The information was dissected utilizing both quantitative and subjective strategies. The educators communicated a scope of perspectives, mirroring the differing sees in the exploration writing. Nonetheless, the majority of the members reacting to the survey demonstrated that they felt that English ought to be the primary language of the study hall. Simultaneously, these members and all others (the previous instructors and the educators in the classes watched) recognized that intermittent utilization of Arabic (or, where important, other first dialects), for specific reasons for existing was suitable. The reasons they refered to were: clarifying specific jargon things or expressions; explaining homeroom strategies (for example for specific errands or exercises); giving guidelines and ensuring that the directions were comprehended; and, keeping up homeroom discipline. These perspectives give off an impression of being directing study hall practice in the three classes that I watched. The instructors were utilizing the students’ first dialects for these reasons. In my closing part, I suggest that, in introductory instructor training in Oman, more consideration ought to be given to these open elements of interpretation and first language use, while underscoring the significance of utilizing however much English as could reasonably be expected in EFL educating in the early years. The most fitting approach to show English as a Second Language (ESL) or English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is a wellspring of essential insightful discussion. As of late, more consideration has been given to the utilization of interpretation and the local language (L1) in informative English Language Teaching (ELT). The vast majority of the speculations illuminate us that youthful childrens language advancement is affected by numerous elements, including utilizing their first language to clarify ideas and express dynamic thinking.

Southwest Airlines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Southwest Airlines - Case Study Example The most amazing thing about SA is its minimal effort contributions for the entirety of its courses in the market. Regardless of its minimal effort, its administrations were astounding and flights were on time. At the point when its opponents accepted that SA will before long be bankrupt, the aircraft made due as well as thrived and could increase its armadas from three planes in 1971 to more than 500 planes in 2010. It is the main vocation in the US to make predictable benefits since 1973 because of its low working expense and client situated administrations. Q. What evaluation would you give Southwest administration for the activity it has done in making the company’s system? Would could it be that you like or abhorrence about the technique? Does Southwest have a triumphant methodology? Absolutely, the organization merits a top evaluation for its triumphant procedures that incorporate consumer loyalty and keeping operational expenses as low as could reasonably be expected. No carrier can offer such a low-charge on the entirety of its courses except if it realizes how to decrease its operational expense without influencing client administrations. It is admirable that right around 74 percent of SAs incomes are earned through appointments at its site sparing a great deal on booking operators (408). The organization utilized vital intuition from the earliest starting point. For instance, utilizing Houston Hobby Airport rather than Houston Intercontinental Airport in 1972 was a key decision and its traveler traffic outlasted the adversary carriers very quickly. It requires business keenness to slice admissions from $26 to $13 in a solitary stroke in 1973 on its San Antonio-Dallas trips to determine that not a solitary seat goes abandoned ever (395). When Kelleher, the CEO of SA ventured down in 2001, the organization was solidly settled procuring incomes of $5.6 billion and more than 30,000 representatives on its finance. Since its beginning, the organization keeps on succeeding and it's anything but a little accomplishment that in these

Information technology and society Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Data innovation and society - Assignment Example The general public needs to mind more on this issue in light of the fact that; through instruction individuals advance their societal position and it additionally impacts the lifestyle of people. Other than this, instruction gives access to such things as work openings and along these lines improves the method of living of individuals. It is a significant issue to concentrate on the grounds that information increased through instruction can be applied in different fields, for example, wellbeing, data innovation and in specialized abilities (Petersen, 2002). The utilization of data innovation in the training is significant in order to get present information and improve access to numerous individuals over the globe. The name of the database is African Journals Online (AJOL) which gives access to African academic research on the web and is a non-benefit making association situated in South Africa. The distributer that keeps up this database is the International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publication (INASP) upheld by Google. The staffs in AJOL keeps up this database utilizing digitalized full messages and fit programming, for example, Linux as a working framework, Apache and PHP for scripting. The database is openly available and gives a client front-end where those utilizing can peruse and get to the substance of the database on the web. It additionally has a managerial end where the staff, diary distributers and editors can sign in and deal with the substance of the database. In March 2004, AJOL re-propelled an information framework that was progressively advanced to expand the usefulness of site and to guarantee similarity. This incorporated the ordering of all diary content recorded with AJOL through Open Archives Initiative, OAI web crawlers. Essentially, data and information items that are recorded incorporate diaries article in order to make them accessible to a more prominent crowd and increment their perceivability among the exploration network. A possibility for constraining

Book Riots Deals of the Day for October 4th, 2019

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Cover Letter Writing Service (Land Your Dream Job)

Cover Letter Writing Service One of the most common questions that we get from our customers and potential customers is â€Å"are cover letters necessary?†Ã‚   In this digital age, where many job-hunting sites do not provide applicants with a place to upload cover letters, some people have begun to think of them as optional.   On the contrary, cover letters remain a very critical part of the job application process.   They provide you with an opportunity to show some of your personality and highlight traits and skills that might not be apparent to someone simply looking at your resume.   Not every hiring manager will give a cover letter more than a cursory glance, but for savvy hiring managers, the cover letter is a great way to help narrow a stack of resumes down to a handful of people to interview. Having issues completing a high quality cover letter?   This is where our cover letter writing service can assist you. A great cover letter serves the same purpose as a great opening line when you introduce yourself in person.   It not only tells the reader who you are, but also why they should care about who you are.   While you do not want a cover letter to come across as frivolous, it can be a place to give prospective employers an idea of who you would be as an employee.   Cover letters can do this in a few ways.   One is to show some personality and originality in the cover letter; the other is to highlight things in your cover letter that might not have a place in your resume, but help you stand out as a job candidate. What should you say in a cover letter?   There is no one-size-fits-all answer to that question.   It depends on the job you are seeking, the corporate culture of your prospective employer, and your own background, qualifications, and personality.   We can custom create cover letters for each employment scenario, or help you craft a cover letter that highlights your characteristics, which you can tweak for each individual employer. You may also be asked to provide a specific type of letter, known as a supporting statement.   These cover letters are not generic introductions.   Instead, they are an opportunity for you to show how you meet the selection criteria for a specific job.   These cover letters may reference your resume, or, if you have gaps in your resume that show places where you do not align with formal selection criteria, explain substitutions, such as why years of service should substitute for education.   To craft this type of cover letter, you will be working hand-in-hand with your writer, so that the writer can draw upon your real-life experiences to highlight your employability.

Spanish Idioms of the Form Tener Noun

In Spanish, you can have it all. Thats because tener, the verb meaning to have in the sense of to possess (haber is the equivalent of the English auxiliary verb to have) is frequently used in idioms to refer to a wide range of emotions and other states of being. While we may say in English that you are hungry or a person is thirsty, in Spanish we say the equivalent of you have hunger or someone has thirst. Thus tienes hambre means you are hungry and tiene sed means he/she is thirsty. Tener Phrases Often Preferred to Adjectives Most of the tener noun idioms arent hard to learn, as they generally make sense as long as you know what the noun part of the phrase means. What can be challenging is learning when their use is preferred. For example, you may be aware that there is an adjective, hambriento, that means hungry. But youre unlikely to hear a sentence such as estoy hambriento (just as you arent likely to hear a native English speaker say, I have hunger, even though the sentence would be understood and grammatically correct). Usually, the tener noun idioms are translated using the English verb to be followed by an adjective. Following are some of the most common such uses of tener. tener cabeza (para), to have a mind (for): Tu hermana tiene cabeza para los negocios. (Your sister has a mind for business.)tener calor, to be hot: Siempre tienes calor. (Youre always hot.)tener carià ±o, to be fond: Pablo tiene carià ±o a Marà ­a. (Paul is fond of Mary.)tener celos, to be jealous: Tengo celos a mi hermana. (Im jealous of my sister.)tener claro, to be clear or sure:  Tenemos claro que podemos ayudar a mejorar nuestra sociedad. (Were sure that we can help improve our society.)  tener complejos, to be mentally insecure:  Tengo complejos con mi estilo de vida actual. (Im insecure about my current lifestyle.)tener cuidado, to be careful: Espero que tengas cuidado con el libro. (I hope youre careful with the book.)tener la culpa, to be guilty or at fault: Mi padre dijo que tengo la culpa. (My father said its my fault.)tener derecho, to have the right: Tengo derecho de votar. (I have the right to vote.)tener efecto, to have an effect: La hipnosis tiene efecto en e l cerebro. (Hypnosis does not have an effect on the brainl)tener à ©xito, to be successful: El jefe tiene un gran à ©xito. (The boss is very successful.)tener frà ­o, to be cold: Hace viento. Tengo frà ­o. (Its windy. Im cold.)tener ganas de infinitive, to be in the mood for, to feel like doing something: Tengo ganas de comer una hamburguesa. (I feel like eating a hamburger.)tener hambre, to be hungry: No ha comido. Tiene hambre. (He hasnt eaten. Hes hungry.)tener ilusià ³n, to be enthusiastic: Tiene ilusià ³n por viajar a California. (Hes enthusiastic about traveling to California.)tener miedo a noun, to be afraid of: Mi hermana tiene miedo a los serpientes. (My sister is afraid of snakes.)tener miedo de infinitive, to be afraid of: Tiene miedo de nadar. (Hes afraid of swimming.)tener prisa, to be in a hurry: Tengo prisa. El teatro comienza a las ocho. (Im in a hurry. The play begins at 8.)tener razà ³n, to be right: El cliente siempre tiene razà ³n. (The customer is alw ays right.)tener sed, to be thirsty: He trabajado mucho. Tengo sed. (Ive worked a lot. Im thirsty.)tener sueà ±o, to be tired or sleepy: No has dormido. Tendrà ¡s sueà ±o. (You havent slept. You must be tired.)tener suerte, to be lucky: Mi hijo ganà ³ la loterà ­a. Tiene mucha suerte. (My son won the lottery. Hes very lucky.)tener vergà ¼enza, to be ashamed: Matà © a mi amigo. Tengo mucha vergà ¼enza. (I killed my friend. Im so ashamed.) Because tener is used so often to indicate mental states, it can be used by itself to ask someone how he or she is doing, especially if you suspect something is wrong:  ¿Quà © tienes? Whats up with you? Note that the adjective mucho or mucha can be used with the noun portion of the idiom to indicate degree as is expressed by very in English: Tengo sed, Im thirsty. Tengo mucha sed, Im very thirsty. Note also that tener is irregular in its conjugation.

USS Ranger CV-4 World War II Aircraft Carrier

Commissioned in 1934, USS Ranger (CV-4) was the US Navys first purpose-built aircraft carrier. Though relatively small, Ranger helped pioneer several design features that were incorporated in the later Yorktown-class carriers. At it was too slow to operate with its larger successors in the Pacific, Ranger saw extensive service in the Atlantic during World War II. This included supporting the Operation Torch landings in North Africa and conducting attacks on German shipping in Norway. Moved into a training role in 1944, Ranger was decommissioned and scrapped after the war. Design Development In the 1920s, the US Navy commenced the construction of its first three aircraft carriers. These efforts, which produced USS Langley (CV-1), USS Lexington (CV-2), and USS Saratoga (CV-3), all involved the conversion of existing hulls into carriers. As work on these ships progressed, the US Navy began designing its first purpose-built carrier. These efforts were constrained by the limits imposed by the Washington Naval Treaty which capped both the size of individual ships and the total tonnage. With the completion of Lexington and Saratoga, the US Navy had 69,000 tons remaining which could be assigned to aircraft carriers.  As such, the US Navy intended for the new design to displace 13,800 tons per ship so that five carriers could be constructed. Despite these intentions, only one ship of the new class would actually be built.   Dubbed USS Ranger (CV-4), the new carriers name hearkened back to the sloop of war commanded by Commodore John Paul Jones during the American Revolution. Laid down at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company on September 26, 1931, the carriers initial design called for an unobstructed flight deck with no island and six funnels, three to side, that were hinged to fold horizontally during air operations. Aircraft were housed below on a semi-open hangar deck and brought to the flight deck via three elevators. Though smaller than Lexington and Saratoga, Rangers purpose-built design led to an aircraft capacity that was only marginally less than its predecessors. The carriers reduced size did present certain challenges as its narrow hull required the use of geared turbines for propulsion.   Launch of USS Ranger (CV-4) at Newport News, Virginia, February 25, 1933.   US Naval History and Heritage Command Changes As work on Ranger progressed, alterations to the design occurred including the addition of an island superstructure on the starboard side of the flight deck. The ships defensive armament consisted of eight 5-inch guns and forty .50-inch machine guns. Sliding down the ways on February 25, 1933, Ranger was sponsored by First Lady Lou H. Hoover. Over the next year, work continued and the carrier was completed. Commissioned on June 4, 1934 at the Norfolk Navy Yard with Captain Arthur L. Bristol in command, Ranger commenced shakedown exercises off the Virginia Capes before beginning air operations on June 21. The first landing on the new carrier was conducted by Lieutenant Commander A.C. Davis flying a Vought SBU-1. Further training for Rangers air group was conducted in August. USS Ranger (CV-4) OverviewNation: United StatesType: Aircraft CarrierShipyard: Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock CompanyLaid Down: September 26, 1931Launched: February 25, 1933Commissioned: June 4, 1934Fate: ScrappedSpecificationsDisplacement: 14,576 tonsLength: 730 ft.Beam: 109 ft., 5 in.Draft: 22 ft., 4.875 in.Propulsion: 6 Ãâ€" boilers, 2 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 2 Ãâ€" shaftsSpeed: 29.3 knotsRange: 12,000 nautical miles at 15 knotsComplement: 2,461 menArmament8 Ãâ€" 5 in./25 cal anti-aircraft guns40 Ãâ€" .50 in. machine gunsAircraft76-86 aircraft Interwar Years Later in August, Ranger departed on an extended shakedown cruise to South America which included port calls at Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, and Montevideo. Returning to Norfolk, VA, the carrier conducted operations locally before receiving orders for the Pacific in April 1935. Passing through the Panama Canal, Ranger arrived at San Diego, CA on the 15th. Remaining in the Pacific for the next four years, the carrier took part in fleet maneuvers and war games as far west as Hawaii and as far south as Callao, Peru while also experimenting with cold weather operations off Alaska. In January 1939, Ranger departed California and sailed for Guantanamo Bay, Cuba to participate in winter fleet maneuvers. With the completion of these exercises, it steamed to Norfolk where it arrived in late April. USS Ranger (CV-4) at sea, 1930s. US Naval History and Heritage Command   Operating along the East Coast through the summer of 1939, Ranger was assigned to the Neutrality Patrol that fall following the outbreak of World War II in Europe. The initial responsibility of this force was to track warlike operations of combatant forces in the Western Hemisphere. Patrolling between Bermuda and Argentia, Newfoundland, Rangers seakeeping ability was found lacking as it proved difficult to conduct operations in heavy weather. This issue had been identified earlier and helped contribute to the design of the later Yorktown-class carriers. Continuing with the Neutrality Patrol through 1940, the carriers air group was one of the first to receive the new Grumman F4F Wildcat fighter that December. In In late 1941, Ranger was returning to Norfolk from a patrol to Port-of-Spain, Trinidad when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7. World War II Begins Departing Norfolk two weeks later, Ranger conducted a patrol of the South Atlantic before entering dry dock in March 1942. Undergoing repairs, the carrier also received the new RCA CXAM-1 radar. Deemed too slow to keep up with newer carriers, such as USS Yorktown (CV-5) and USS Enterprise (CV-6), in Pacific, Ranger remained in the Atlantic to support operations against Germany. With the completion of repairs, Ranger sailed on April 22 to deliver a force of sixty-eight P-40 Warhawks to Accra, Gold Coast. Returning to Quonset Point, RI in late May, the carrier conducted a patrol to Argentia before delivering a second cargo of P-40s to Accra in July. Both shipments of P-40s were destined for China where they were to serve with the American Volunteer Group (Flying Tigers). With the completion of this mission, Ranger operated off Norfolk before joining four new Sangamon-class escort carriers (Sangamon, Suwannee, Chenango, and Santee) at Bermuda. SBD Dauntless dive bomber landing on USS Ranger (CV-4), June 1942. US Naval History and Heritage Command Operation Torch Leading this carrier force, Ranger provided air superiority for the Operation Torch landings in Vichy-ruled French Morocco in November 1942. Early on November 8, Ranger began launching aircraft from a position approximately 30 miles northwest of Casablanca. While F4F Wildcats strafed Vichy airfields, SBD Dauntless dive bombers struck at Vichy naval vessels. In three days of operations, Ranger launched 496 sorties which resulted in the destruction of around 85 enemy aircraft (15 in the air, approx. 70 on the ground), the sinking of the battleship Jean Bart, severe damage to the destroyer leader Albatros, and attacks on the cruiser Primaugut. With the fall of Casablanca to American forces on November 11, the carrier departed for Norfolk the next day. Arriving, Ranger underwent an overhaul from December 16, 1942 to February 7, 1943. US Navy F4F Wildcats take off from USS Ranger (CV-4) during the invasion of North Africa. US Naval History and Heritage Command With the Home Fleet Departing the yard, Ranger carried a load of P-40s to Africa for use by the 58th Fighter Group before spending much of the summer of 1943 conducting pilot training off the New England coast. Crossing the Atlantic in late August, the carrier joined the British Home Fleet at Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands. Putting out on October 2 as part of Operation Leader, Ranger and a combined Anglo-American force moved towards Norway with the goal of attacking German shipping around Vestfjorden. Avoiding detection, Ranger began launching aircraft on October 4. Striking a short time later, the aircraft sank two merchant vessels in Bodo roadstead and damaged several more. Though located by three German aircraft, the carriers combat air patrol downed two and chased off the third. A second strike succeeded in sinking a freighter and a smaller coastal vessel. Returning to Scapa Flow, Ranger commenced patrols to Iceland with the British Second Battle Squadron. These continued until late November when the carrier detached and sailed for Boston, MA. Later Career Too slow to operate with the fast carrier forces in the Pacific, Ranger was designated as a training carrier and ordered to operate out of Quonset Point on January 3, 1944. These duties were interrupted in April when it transported a cargo of P-38 Lightning to Casablanca. While in Morocco, it embarked several damaged aircraft as well as numerous passengers for transport to New York. USS Ranger (CV-4) off Hampton Roads, VA, July 1944. US Naval History and Heritage Command After arriving in New York, Ranger steamed to Norfolk for an overhaul. Though Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Ernest King favored a massive overhaul to bring the carrier on par with its contemporaries, he was discouraged in following through by his staff who pointed out that the project would draw resources away from new construction. As a result, the project was limited to strengthening the flight deck, installation of new catapults, and improving the ships radar systems. With the completion of the overhaul, Ranger sailed for San Diego where it embarked Night Fighting Squadron 102 before pressing on to Pearl Harbor. From August to October, it conducted night carrier flight training operations in Hawaiian waters before returning to California to serve as a training carrier. Operating from San Diego, Ranger spent the remainder of the war training naval aviators off the California coast. With the end of the war in September, it transited the Panama Canal and made stops at New Orleans, LA, Pensacola, FL, and Norfolk before reaching the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard on November 19. After a brief overhaul, Ranger resumed operations on the East Coast until being decommissioned on October 18, 1946. The carrier was sold for scrap the following January.

Cell Phones in the Hands of Drivers a Risk or Benefit

Cell Phones in the Hands of Drivers A Risk or a Benefit Ariana Laguna English 102 Professor Barnes/Walter 10 December 2012 Outline THESIS: Unless the risks of cell phones are shown to outweigh the benefits, we should not restrict their use in moving vehicles: instead, we should educate the public about the dangers of driving while phoning and prosecute irresponsible phone users under laws on negligent and reckless driving. I. Scientific studies havent proved a link between use of cell phones and traffic accidents. A. A study by Redelmeier and Tibshirani was not conclusive, as the researchers themselves have admitted. B. Most states do not keep records on accidents caused by driver distractions. C. In a survey of†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, most states do not keep adequate records on the number of times phones are a factor in accidents. As of December 2000, only ten states were trying to keep such records (Sundeen 2). In addition, currently there is little scientific evidence comparing the use of cell phones with other driver distractions: fiddling with the radio, smoking, eating, putting on makeup, shaving, and so on. Alasdair Cain and Mark Burries of the Center Urban Transportation Research surgery research on the cell phone issue as of 1999 and concluded that there is no nationally-accredited document to prove the connection between mobile phone use and traffic accidents. Becaus e research results have been so inconclusive, it makes sense to wait before passing laws that might well be unnecessary. Weighting risks and benefits In 2000, researchers at the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis found that the risk of driving while phoning were small compared with other driving risks. Whereas the cell phone users chance of dying are about 6 in a million per year, someone not wearing a seat belt has a risk of 49.3 per million, and someone driving a small car has a risk of 14.5 per million (3). Because of this comparatively small risk regulation of phones may not be worth the coast of the legislation as well as the additional burden such legislation would put on lawShow MoreRelatedCell Phones in the Hands of Drivers:1096 Words   |  5 PagesCell Phones in the Hands of Drivers: A Risk or a Benefit? As of 2000, there were about ninety million cell phone users in the United States, with 85% of them using their phones while on the road (Sundeen 1). Because of evidence that cell phones impair drivers by distracting them, some states have considered laws restricting their use in moving vehicles. Proponents of legislation correctly point out that using phones while driving can be dangerous. The extent of the danger, however, is a matterRead More Using Mobile Phones While Driving is Risky Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pages Mobile phone use in motor vehicles has increased at a remarkable rate over the past 15 years. 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But there are many downsides that aren’t as obvious. Cell phones, no matter how useful, still pose many hazards to our health such as: distracting us from other tasks and affecting our bodies. The everyday use of cell phones has many negative effects on individuals and society. Cell phones affect people in many physical ways. There have been manyRead MoreCell Phone Dangers While Driving1046 Words   |  5 PagesCell-Phone Dangers While Driving Introduction Today, we use our cell phones for just about anything and everything to include; texting, talking to our loved ones, and connecting with the rest of the world via social media. Cell phones have become a natural way of life to where we pick up our phones and use them like second nature. However, the dangers present themselves when we get behind the wheel of a car and carry these habits of cell phone addictions with us. If all states ban the use of cellRead MoreThe Banning Texting While Driving1463 Words   |  6 PagesMany states prohibit texting while driving. In fact, laws have been established that prevent drivers from using their cell phone unless it is an emergency. About 73% of drivers say it is easy to text and drive, however 1.3 million car crashes are caused by texting and driving. An effort to band texting and driving in Texas is at limbo in the Senate and was one vote shy of having enough members agree to bring it to the floor. (Tinsley 1) Senator Judith Zaffirini, D-Lared o states that they are so veryRead MoreDistracted Driving: A Menace to Safety Essay667 Words   |  3 PagesVanderbilt; it’s clear that distracted driving puts drivers and passengers at significant risk, yet laws are only now starting to appear concerning the issue, and it’s not yet culturally unacceptable. The fact that distracted driving poses a significant risk is undisputable. According to Janet Froetscher, president and CEO of the National Safety Council, â€Å"driver inattention causes 80% of crashes† (Politico). Texting requires at least one hand to be removed from the steering wheel, as well as the

Decision Making Classification Of Terms Of Art And Science

From CH7; 2. I would say that decision making should be considered as a combination of both science and art as it basically involves scientific logic implementations along with the facts as well as creative and psychological abilities of every individual. Besides, it also includes methodology, philosophy and theory which are primarily required for reporting highly important decisions in a righteous manner. I would like to describe in detail about decision making classification in terms of art and science. As an art: Improving individual’s performance is the key to master the art of decision making as it is a specific skill which is received, sharpened and mastered by an individual. In practical terms, every individual can check or examine mistakes that have been significantly made in the past when they completely understand the basic and important elements of a clever and smooth decision. On the other hand, every individual can make the best choices for decisions to get better outputs/results when they know the hidden or unexpressed constituents of social and economic elements that majorly influence decision making. As a science: According to science, to attain the possible outcomes few logical steps should be required for decision making, they are; - Objectives which need to be classified and placed in terms of order importance, should be fixed or established firstly. - Secondly, alternative actions that are evaluated against all the objectives should be implementedShow MoreRelatedData Mining Of Big Data1646 Words   |  7 PagesBig Data Vishesh Shukla Department of Computer Science University of Technology and Management Shillong, India shukla.vishesh07@gmail.com Saurav Utkarsh Department of Computer Science University of Technology and Management Shillong, India saurav.utkarsh@stu.utm.ac.in Sahil Mittal Department of Computer Science University of Technology and Management Shillong, India tousif.raza@stu.utm.ac.in Abhishek Kumar Department of Computer Science University of Technology and Management Shillong, IndiaRead MoreComputer Network And The World Wide Web System1653 Words   |  7 Pagesour live to interact with data because we are actually living in an age of the data. 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Influences affecting consumers buying fashionable clothes Free Essays

Subject : Influences affecting consumers buying fashionable clothes There are many different factors which could afect the buying behaviour of the consumers when it comes to fashion and clothing. There are two types of behaviour,the individual type which depends on the individuals tastes and the environmantal type which depends on culture and society. We also bare in mind that most of the people we cater for, range from an age of 15 to and age of 30 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Influences affecting consumers buying fashionable clothes or any similar topic only for you Order Now As i mentioned previously culture is a very important factor when it comes to the production of clothes and fashion and we are very aware of it since our company is situated in india. Even now with the idea of globilization in today’s young people’s minds, there is still a tendency to follow the country’s tradition or habbits which changes the buying behaviour of our potential customers drastically. Therefore we have to cater and adapt to the country’s traditions and wants. It would be a big mistake to try and sell clothes that go against these people’s culture or religion, because they simply won’t buy them. But this dosent mean that we shouldn’t produce clothes that go against these peoples culture since in the country there is a certain percentage of people not following this culture or same tradition. This percentage is called the sub-culture which is very important for our company. As a fashion clothing design company we should keep in mind gender. Nowadays gender are more or less equal so it is important to balance the stock we have for both sexes. Age is also important as i mentioned above. We must cater for the majority age group. Lifestyles also shouldn’t be neglected. this area is extremely important when it comes to producing clothing. Since our main market are students there are two factors which influence their lifestyle. One influence are the reference groups and aspiration groups. A good example of these are famous people known to these students like singers or actors. These people manage to introduce any kind of fashion ranging from all sorts of weird fashion back to old fashioned ways of dressing. Therefore its hard but important to keep up to date wit these changes in fashion so that we can supply our customers with what they want. Another influence is family. Many times students are represented by the parents but its not that common anymore. Its more likely that they are represented by an older brother or sister. Social classes are very important to look at when producing clothes. In a country one finds different social classes and therefore there is a choice. We either cater for all the different classes or choose the class which has the majority of potential buyers. For example the Upper social class are more likely to buy a classic neet shirt or trousers whilst the middle social class would be happy wit a T-shirt and a pair non classy trousers, for example jeans. But since we are catering for a group of people who are students they are more likely to buy new fashion so we have to satisfy their needs buy selling them what they want like the latest fashion at a price that can satisfy their income. Another factor that i think should be mentioned is the marketing effort shown by the employees for hight customer recognition. If this is done it puts a vital good light on our brand and outlet. They should do their best to please the customer so that the customer gets a good impression and leaves the shop satisfied. All the factors mentioned above are very important and should be followed up to obtain a higher sales volume. They should be researched and examined and also kept up to date as much as possible. If this is done the company will have great success not only with its present customers but also with new ones to come. How to cite Influences affecting consumers buying fashionable clothes, Papers

Is There Another Earth Out There Essay Example For Students

Is There Another Earth Out There? Essay Is There Another Earth Out There?(adopted from an article by Guillermo Gonzalez, Donald Brownlee and Peter D. Ward, Refugees for Life in a Hostile Universe, Scientific American, October 2001) Is there life on other planets? Science has been trying to answer this question for a long time. In the article, the authors argue that it is highly improbable that complex life forms exist in our galaxy. To quote the authors: â€Å"Researchers are now casting a skeptical eye on musings about the prevalence of intelligent life throughout the Milky Way†. Furthermore, according to the article, not only may most of the solar system be unfriendly to multi-cellular or complex organisms, the same may be true of much of the galaxy. In fact, in recent years, astronomers have gained an appreciation of just how deadly our galaxy can be, filled as it is with exploding stars, radiation, and stellar close encounters. We will write a custom essay on Is There Another Earth Out There? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Creating a Hospitable PlanetHow does one determine the hospitality of a planet? Within a given planetary system, astronomers describe the optimal locations for life in terms of the cicumstellar habitable zone (CHZ). The CHZ is generally considered to be a region around a star where liquid water can persist on the surface of an Earth-like planet for at least a few billion years. In 1999, there was a proposed concept of a galactic equivalent to the CHZ: the galactic habitable zone (GHZ). The GHZ defines the most hospitable places in the Milky Way-those that are neither too close nor too far from the galactic center. The boundaries of the galactic habitable zone are set by two requirements: a). the availability of material to build a habitable planet and b). adequate seclusion from cosmic threats. a. In order for a planet to be created, sufficient building material must exist. Interestingly, metals are the building blocks of Earth-like planets. In fact, the abundance of metals affects t he size of the planets that can form. Size, in turn, determines whether a planet can retain an atmosphere and sustain geologic activity. The abundance of metals is measured by metallicy-the ratio of the number of metal atoms to the number of hydrogen atoms. Particularly, the lower the metallicy of a planet, the lower is the abundance of metals. In fact, without enough metals, large planets can not form at all. On the other hand, too high of a metallicity can also be a problem. High metallicity increases the density of the protoplanetary disk and therefore induces the giant planets to shift position. The result of such shift is that such planet will throw any smaller, Earth-like bodies out of the system all together or push them into the sun. b. Metallicy is not enough to determine hospitality of a planet. To contain life, a planet must also be kept reasonable safe from outside threats, such as the impact of asteroids and comets. Blasts of radiation also present a problem. Until a ce rtain point, a planet’s magnetic field can fend off most particle radiation and its ozone layer can screen out dangerous electromagnetic radiation. However, sufficiently energetic radiation can ionize the atmosphere and generate nitrogen oxides in amounts capable of wiping out the ozone layer. Energetic radiation hitting the atmosphere can also let loose a deadly rain of secondary particles. Effects on EarthIn many ways, the Milky Way is unusually hospitable: a disk galaxy with orderly orbits, comparatively little dangerous activity (comets and asteroids) and plenty of metals. Earth satisfies the requirement for optimal metallicity. The mix of land and sea on Earth is important for atmospheric temperature control and other processes. In our solar system, the frequency of asteroid impact depends on the details of Jupiter’s orbit and formation; the rest of the galaxy has no direct effect. As far as radiation is concerned, the nucleus of the Milky Way is currently relativ ely inactive. To quote the author: â€Å"If our ideas about the GHZ are correct, we live within an especially comfortable region of the Milky Way. Any civilization seeking a new world would, no doubt, place our solar system on their home-shopping list†. .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 , .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .postImageUrl , .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 , .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39:hover , .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39:visited , .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39:active { border:0!important; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39:active , .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hiv & Multiple Bereavement Syndrome EssayThe Possibility of Life on Other PlanetsGiven the above factors, can one determine if there is life on other planets? According to the article, such can be determined. The outlook on the possibility of extra-terrestrial life, however, is weak. Various reasons exist for author’s opinion. The authors argue that only part of the Milky Way satisfies the requirement of optimal metallicity. Taking into account the disk metallicity, rough limits can be placed on the GHZ both in space and in time. In fact, few planets in our galaxy satisfy the requirement for optimal metallicity. The broad universe looks even less inviting than our g alaxy. About 80 percent of stars in the local universe reside in galaxies that are less luminous than Milky Way. Because the average metallicity of a galaxy correlates with its luminosity, entire galaxies could be deficient in Earth-size planets. As far as cosmic threats are concerned, the cometary threat is very sensitive to the galactic environment. The frequency of comet perturbation depends on the position in the Milky Way. As one goes toward the galactic center, the density of starts increases, so there are more close encounters. Comets are thought to reside in two long-term reservoirs: the Kuiper belts and the Oort cloud. Other stars probably have similar retinues. All this suggests that complex life form is rare in the galaxy. The inner regions of our galaxy suffer from orbital instabilities, radiation bursts, and cometary perturbations. The outer regions are safer, but because of the lower metallicity, terrestrial planets are typically smaller there. Another effect concerns the dynamics of stars in a galaxy. Stars in elliptical galaxies have randomized orbits and are therefore more likely to frequent their more dangerous central positions. Thus, as this paper has described, life on other planets is highly improbable. The authors attempted to explain why, in their opinion, it is difficult for complex life forms to exist in the universe. So for now, extra-terrestrials will remain in science-fiction stories. Interstellar travelers in books will continue to visit exotic locales in the Milky Way and meet with interesting aliens. As far as reality is concerned, however, the question of extra-terrestrial life still remains unanswered. Astronomy Essays

Legal Protection For Minorities Essay Example For Students

Legal Protection For Minorities? Essay Do you think that special interest groups such as homosexuals, women, and other minorities need special constitutional amendments to protect them from discrimination? Explain. Whenever this subject is brought up it usually brings a lot of controversy with it. I am one of many I am sure who is torn when it comes to discussing the rights of minority groups. Although I dont feel that any specific group deserves special protection over another group; I do feel that all groups of people deserve equal protection under the law regardless of race, nationality, religion, political views, gender, disability, or sexual orientation. Most all of these minority groups are protected under the law but one that isnt are gays, lesbians, and bisexuals. Employment discrimination is the most common complaint received by the American Civil Liberties Union from gays and lesbians. As of mid-1996, Americans can be legally fired from their jobs simply because of their sexual orientation in 41 states. That number is still the same to this very day. A study showed that gays earned from 11 to 17% less and lesbians earn 5 to 14% less than the national average. The American Civil Liberties Union claims that the only thing close to a representative survey suggests that lesbians and gay men generally earn less than their heterosexual counterparts. But even if the average homosexual earned more than the average heterosexual, there would still be many gays and lesbians discriminated against in employment, and in need of legal protection of some sort. When the first civil rights bill to follow the US civil war was debated in Congress, it was criticized for granting special rights to Afro-Americans. When the Civil Rights Act was debated in 1964, it was criticized because it would attack individual freedom of choice in hiring. But it passed. It guaranteed protection against discrimination in employment on the basis of race, religion, gender, national origin, and disability. But the Civil rights Act gave no protection for people on the basis of sexual orientation. As of October 1998, only 12 states in the US had passed civil rights legislation protecting homosexual worker. This means that in 80% of the states, an employer is perfectly within their rights to fire (or refuse to hire, or refuse to promote) an employee solely because of their sexual orientation. This puts heterosexuals, homosexuals and bisexuals all at risk of being fired. A bill was introduced in the mid 1970s which would do for gays and lesbians what it had done for Afro-Americans, and women and others. It went nowhere. Another version of the bill was presented to congress in 1994. It was called the Employment Non-Discrimination Act or ENDA. It was supported by President. Clinton, and reintroduced in September of 1996 with the backing of the House and Senate Democratic minority leaders. The bill was characterized by conservative Republicans as controversial, immoral, and un-American. Although it made it to the Senate it was not passed, and would not have had a chance at all in the house. Homosexuality, though not supported by many Americans, is a way of life; and no reason for someone to be legally discriminated against under United States law. America is supposed to be a land of equal opportunity; not a land of equal opportunity for everyone except those who lead lifestyles different than ours. Social Issues Essays

World Com Ethics free essay sample

What are the ethical problems faced by Betty Vinson, a CPA and Director of WorldCom’s Management and Reporting Division? Betty Vinson has a reputation as a hardworking, loyal employee who would do â€Å"anything you told her†. Problem came on October 2000, when the company profits had went down and her boss, Buford Yates, Jr.Director of General Accounting ask her and another manager Normand to release $828 million of line accruals into the income statement. This proposal is ethically wrong so the ethical dilemma is to obey the orders from her boss or not and to know the consequences for the choices she make. If she does according to what her boss says, the company revenue will continue to be positive and therefore the company market value will continue to rise and it will maintain as one of the biggest companies in the stock market. The whole company from the top management to the lower level worker will continue to receive income for the time being until the fraud is revealed. We will write a custom essay sample on World Com Ethics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This action will be unethical and the consequences are, firstly, she might be placed in court and put to jail if caught. Secondly, her guilt might haunt her even if she is not caught. Thirdly, she might lose her reputation if she got caught and might not be able to find another job. Fourthly, if she is put to jail, her family will meet not only financial problems but also emotional problems like, her children might ask â€Å"why is mummy in jail? † and her children might even be looked down on because of what she had done. Fifthly, her husband, parents, relatives and friends might leave or despise her because of her unethical act. Sixthly, her husband’s friends might look down on him because his unethical wife. Seventhly, her husband, parents, relatives and friends might be ashamed and they might be looked down by their friends too. On top of that if the fraud is revealed, the reputation of the whole company WorldCom might be destroyed and might even be forced to close down and all the people in the company and the customers the company serves or have relation with might blame her for their lost. If she reject the proposal and do what is ethical. The consequences are, firstly, she might lose her career that she had build up for 4 years and because it is in the midst of an economic downturn, there is a also a chance that she might not be able to find another job in her age. This will affect her family income and so might in turn affect her children education, her family spending budget. What are the ethical problems faced by Cynthia Cooper, a CPA and manager of Internal Audit at WorldCom? Cynthia Cooper is a strong-willed woman and she was the head of the 24 member internal audit department. CFO Sullivan asked Myers to restrict the scope of Cooper’s enquires. March 2002, Cooper’s team received a complained from the head of the wireless business unit for about a $400 million accrual in his business for expected future cash payments and bad debt expenses that had been transferred away to push up the company’s earnings. Sullivan and Arthur Anderson auditors had supported the transfer and when she approached Anderson, Anderson partner assures her that what they did is just aggressive accounting entries and will not explain to her the details unless it was a direct order from Sullivan. Cooper then brought the issue to WorldCom’s audit committee but was told by Sullivan to stay away from the wireless business unit. At this point, Cooper had a dilemma, whether to continue to investigate or just drop the case as both Sullivan and Anderson had already supported this transfer. If she chooses to continue the investigation, she might lose her job as a director of internal audit which might affect her financial wealth. Secondly, finding a job in the economic down turn during that time could be hard and maybe harder for her age. Thirdly, there might be financial problem taking care of her 8 month old daughter and her family. Fourthly, even if she continues to investigation, and she is right that there is a fraud with the accounting, there might not be enough evidence to charge Sullivan and he might then take revenge on her and maybe also on her family after he is release as innocent. Fifthly, if she continues to investigate and if there is actually nothing wrong with the accounts, she could be dismissed or even sued. If she chooses to drop the case, she will not be acting her responsibility as a director of internal audit. If it is found out that it is truly a fraud, she might be blamed for not fulfilling her duties and be charged in court and maybe dismissed. Secondly, her conscience might haunt her. Thirdly, her reputation might be affected and so will her career and she might not be able to find a job after that. Fourthly, her family, relatives and friends might despise or leave her. This might affect her emotionally and might in turn affect her children too. Fifthly, the people in the company or related to the company that lost their job or earning might blame her for their lost. Question 2 To me, moral courage means taking up the necessary responsibilities to do or say what is true and right even in the midst of difficult situations, placing the responsibilities and the beliefs of one’s profession on top of self interest. On top of that, I think moral courage also have different levels, the lower level of moral courage is to quit when you know that there is something wrong. The higher level of moral courage is not only personally doing the right thing but also make others do the right thing. An example of someone that does not practice moral courage is Betty Vinson. She is the Director of management reporting, her responsibility is to check and to report the sales and income statement accounting to the management and also to the society as accurately as possible. In this case, we could see that she knows that it is unethical to make the adjustments on the accounts so she told her boss that the proposal was â€Å"not good accounting†. She could have exhibit moral courage by telling her boss that this is unethical or illegal and tell him that this should not be done but she did not. Yates continues to emphasise that David Myers, Controller told him that it is a one-time problem which in a way decreases the risk and unethical one feels and Vinson in the end give in and agreed to the proposal. If she exhibit moral courage she could have rejected and the worst quit but she did not. What she might not have thought about is that this is a point of no turning back. She is practicing cultural ethical relativism as there are no true standard ethical practices in the company. This is found as there is no set of corporate code of conduct as Bernard Ebbers, CEO called it a colossal waste of time. On top of that the corporate culture of the company is basically â€Å"do as you are told with no questions asked†. After Vinson did what was proposed, she was overwhelmed by her guilt and she planned to resign which indicates that she is thinking more individual ethical relativism than cultural ethical relativism. If she had a lower level moral courage, she would quit immediately or if she had a higher level moral courage, she could gather evidences and then sue Sullivan and Ebbers and turn herself in but she did not. When Ebbers heard about the accountants’ concern, he told Myers that the accountants would not be placed in this situation again. Following that, a few days later, Scott Sullivan, CFO told Vinson and Normand basically that we are on the same plane, if Vinson was to quit, the plane will crash and we will all die so Sullivan asked Vinson and Normand to stay till the plane lands which means when the business is back on making good profit. Sullivan also assured them that they were doing nothing illegal and that he would take full responsibility for their actions. What Ebbers and Sullivan did was to convince Vinson to stay and to continue to practice cultural ethical relativism and lessen her guilt. Firstly, Ebbers told Vinson that they will not be ask to do this again and this is an assurance from the CEO. If she stays, personally she will continue to get income for her family and this is very important to her as she earns about $40,000 more yearly compensation than her husband. On top of that she is also worried finding a job in the middle-age worker with the comparable compensation. Secondly, Sullivan, CFO have a reputation of â€Å"whiz kid† so when Sullivan says that it is not illegal, Vinson started to doubt at her worries and on top of that Sullivan says he will take full responsibility for her actions. Therefore, it seems like there is more reasons for Vinson to continue to stay then to quit and so she remain in the company. If she had moral courage, she would place the responsibilities of her profession on top of self interest, which is to report the true accounting and place one’s interest aside. She placed self interest first. On April 2001, again the similar situation occurs and this time it is an even more unethical than the first as it included forging dates so as to hide the adjustments made. This was the situation Ebbers said will not happened again, but he lied. Vinson knew that what she did was wrong but because she went through the first dilemma without being caught and with her personal reasons and assurance from the CEO and CFO, and her hope that it is the last and she could see the light at the end of the tunnel soon, she decided follow the orders and practiced yet again the cultural ethical relativism and ignore her individual ethical relativism and her conscience. Her guilt eventually had its toll on her and she hoped each time that it would be last faded but as she received a promotion and a raise to roughly $80,000 she decided to continue. Until Spring 2002, when she decided to quit but was much too late. All these while, if she had moral courage, she would place the responsibilities of her profession on top of self interest, which is to report the true accounting and place one’s interest aside but she placed self interest first. An example of someone that practices high level of moral courage is Cynthia Cooper, a CPA and manager of Internal Audit at WorldCom. Her responsibility is to check the accounts of the company and report to the society whether the accounts have a true and fair view. In the WorldCom case, Cooper had a dilemma, whether to continue to investigate or just drop the case as both Sullivan and Anderson had already supported the accounts. There are many consequences if she continues to investigate, she might lose her job which in turn might affect her financial wealth and she might have problem finding a job for her age, during the economic downturn after the dot com bubble burst. She chose to continue to investigate which shows that she had the moral courage to stand up against what is wrong. She practices individual ethical relativism of doing what is true and right than to practice cultural ethical relativism which is not to question the higher manager, Sullivan. Knowing that it is difficult to obtain the necessary evidence to find who lead the fraud and who did the fraud, she and her team continued to exhibit high level of moral courage by searching for the evidences. Finally, in June 2002, they had discovered $3 billion in questionable expenses and the fraud is revealed and the wrong was corrected.

10 Ways to Find 10 Minutes to Write

10 Ways to Find 10 Minutes to Write 10 Ways to Find 10 Minutes to Write 10 Ways to Find 10 Minutes to Write By Ali Hale How long do you need to write? We often think its not worth sitting down and starting a piece unless we have a whole afternoon clear – but even finding a spare hour can sometimes seem impossible. Try thinking differently about the time you need to write: one ten-minute session, six days a week, adds up to an hour. That could be a blog post, a scene of a novel, a poem, the outline of a new book proposal Heres ten ways to find at least ten minutes to write, ways you can reclaim annoying â€Å"lost† time and put it to good use. However busy you are, you can manage one of these today: 1. Write first thing in the morning Create an extra ten minutes in your day by setting your alarm early: get up, grab your notebook (or switch on your laptop) and sneak in ten minutes of writing while everyone else is still asleep. 2. Write on the train If you get the train (or bus, or tube) to work or school, write on the way. Some trains and coaches have power sockets for your laptop, but all you really need is a pad of paper and a pen. 3. Write while youre standing in line Next time you get stuck in a long line at the post office or bank, whip out your notebook and start scribbling down a few ideas for your next piece of writing. 4. Write during a coffee break Your coffee break (or morning break at school) can be a great way to find ten spare minutes. If you’ve got access to a computer and email, try writing a paragraph of your latest project – then email it to yourself so you can easily cut-and-paste it later. 5. Write in a boring meeting or lecture Stuck in a dull meeting or lecture? Instead of daydreaming, work on your writing: if you’ve got a laptop, type away, or just write on paper. It’ll look like you’re paying attention to the speaker and taking copious notes†¦ 6. Write in your lunch hour Make a point of taking your lunch hour rather than working straight through, and use this time to get some writing done. Even if you have to go and buy a sandwich, you should be able to find ten minutes spare to write. 7. Write in the car When the traffic jam in front of you stretches for miles, rejoice! Get your notebook out, and start writing. And if you’re lucky enough to have a traffic-free commute, end your journey by sitting in the car park for ten minutes, writing away. 8. Write while youre waiting There are always times in the day when youll end up hanging around, waiting for someone else. Whether it’s sitting in reception at the dentist’s surgery, waiting for the kids to get ready, or waiting for your partner to get home, use those few minutes to write. 9. Write while dinners cooking It takes ten minutes for pasta or rice to cook – so why not take your notebook or laptop into the kitchen and finish a couple of paragraphs while dinner’s cooking? You can keep an eye on the food, and your family won’t interrupt if they know you’re cooking for them†¦ 10. Write in the advert breaks Balance your laptop on your knees and write furiously in every advert break whilst watching television. During the course of an hour-long show, you’ll see at least ten minutes of ads. Plenty of time to finish off your piece! Where could you find ten more minutes in the day to write? How can you reclaim some â€Å"lost† time to your advantage? Tell us about it in the comments†¦ Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to Know3 Cases of Complicated HyphenationIf I Was vs. If I Were

Wire Systems in Telecommunications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wire Systems in Telecommunications - Essay Example He is still using these techniques. Initially, he was bound to serve his purpose through the medium of nature since he opened eye in its lap and there was no other techno logy or resources available for this purpose. Historical Background: Relationship to the Needs of the Society Native Americans, in ancient times, used a distinctive technique for communication called smoke signals. This may be termed as the first and foremost means of signal based communication. In this technique, columns or puffs of smoke were dispatched into the air in different shapes and frequencies on encoding side. On the other decoding side, signals would be perceived as desired by the signaler. These smoke signals cannot be declared or rated precisely a full language, but were typically used as short signals of communication. Some of the standard signals even retain information today. For example, one puff of smoke dispatched into the air was supposed to signal intended viewer’s attention. While, on t he other hand, two puffs meant nothing dangerous and every thing is all right. Contrary to this, three puffs signal hazard, call for aid, or merely some expected trouble. The smoke was produced by putting together green branches or leaves of grass into the fire. In this practice, blankets are used to direct the smoke puffs. Beside this, important events were also discernible by smoke signals. These events constitute war, birth, marriage or death. There were also light and heavy signals in vogue, each meaning variegated things. One meant good event, while the other meant bad news. The popularity or authenticity of this system can be viewed from this fact that this smoke signals methods being the old form of Native American communication, are still used today by the strategic personnel. As far as the mechanism of production and comprehension of these signals was concerned, it was not random. Every thing was calculated and sensitive frequency oriented, though, not as sophisticated and digitalized calculated as contemporary technology. One can consider smoke signals as a visual telegraph. The viewer can see smoke signals over a stretched distance, and decode the smoke to interpret the nature of message. In order to create smoke signals, put a blanket over the fire. Afterwards, include grass and newly born green branches to generate more smoke. To launch a short puff of smoke, raise the cover hurriedly, then put it down again. For long puffs of smoke, intuitively manage to raise the cover for a longer but for tentatively accurate time. Coordinate and manage time and distance ratio with a specific speed to get the target or desired length of the puffs. Variation of puff sends a distinctive message. Smoke signals cannot be asserted as standardized. The users, then using the required code, always conclude the target for communication. In digitalized technology today, to log on means to enter a specific cyber account or to turn our computers on. In the same way, for sm oke signals, the signalers also log on, by adding logs to this fire or smoke. Wire System Communication Advancement in Canada and US During the next decade we will see a change in the way we communicate with machines and the equipment that we use. The user will respond directly to questions that their equipment asks them with the technology having voice recognition of the user's voice. Improved shopping systems will help businesses order what they need while the persons are at home, on the road, or flying to a business venture. Live video will become a wave of the future replacing conventional communications. Some experts believe that virtual reality could take over the video feeds period. With the growth of technology

An analysis of the impact that advertising has on retail banking for Research Paper

An analysis of the impact that advertising has on retail banking for increasing the level of brand awareness; case study on Barclays bank,uk - Research Paper Example al., 2004). However, in this paper discussion will be made regarding the impact of advertisement in creating brand awareness of Barclays bank of the UK. Barclays is considered as one of the largest banks of the world having it’s headquarters in London. The bank operates in more than 50 countries consisting more than 48 million customers (Barclays 2015). It is therefore necessary for the bank to retain existing customers as well as attract new customers that would help in maximizing the amount of profit. Barclays bank has been spending millions of dollars on advertising in order to promote its brand to the public to create awareness (SAGE Publications, 2015). The advancements of technology have provided opportunity for the bank to use digital channels of advertising including social media and other online sources. Moreover, the bank also provides personalized products and services to the selected customer that helps in increasing brand value for the bank (WIPRO, 2013). Advertis ement is the most important tool that helps in an effective promotion of any brand as well as the popularity of the company also increases. Advertising through celebrities is also considered as one of the most effective means that may help in improving the brand equity, brand awareness as well as positive financial return (The New York Times Company, 2015; Olum, 2010). In this context, the focus of the paper is on Barclays Bank of the UK and advertising impact. The primary motive of any business establishment irrespective of whether it is a private or a public company is to maximize its profit through the sale of products and services. It is also essential for any business establishment to maximize the volume of sales that would help in covering various types of costs incurred during operating business. For this, it is necessary for the company to market their products and services in an effective manner considering the 4P’s of marketing that

Analyzing The Theme Of Nature In Literary Devices English Literature Essay

Analyzing The Theme Of Nature In Literary Devices English Literature Essay The theme of nature is very important to each of the texts to be discussed in this essay: The Fat Black Womans Poems by Grace Nichols; Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys. In a sense, the fact that each work is created within a different literary genre to some extent dictates the essential differences amongst them. However, this essay sets out to examine how, in addition to comparing literary devices, nature is used as a different imperative in each of the selected texts. Throughout the play, Willy escapes back into his memories and it is deeply significant, therefore, that the countryside is allied to this: I was driving along, you understand? And I was fine. I was even observing the scenery. You can imagine, me looking at scenery, on the road every week of my life. But its so beautiful up there, Linda, the trees are so thick, and the sun is warm  [3]  Loman both belongs in the country and out of it because he has simply used it, as he has used both things and people, to get ahead. The fact that he has been unsuccessful is therefore a betrayal of his own and a generic dream that is never fulfilled nor justified, just as the story he begins to tell Linda, his wife, ends not in reverie on the idyllic, as it started, but on loss of control: all of a sudden Im going off the road!  [4]  Miller uses nature, therefore, as an emblem of Willys displacement: Many of Willys activities can be seen as highly symbolic. He plants seeds just as he plants fal se hopes: both will die and never come to fruition, largely because the house has become too hemmed in by the city.  [5]  In addition, a further lost dream of Willys has been connected with nature, that of his brother, Bens, offer to join him and make his fortune beyond the suburban life Willy has lived: William, when I walked into the jungle, I was seventeen. When I walked out I was twenty-one. And, by God, I was rich!  [6]  For Willy, therefore, nature has become a place of lost hope where the grass dont grow anymore  [7]  ; it does not belong and nor does he: A victim of both a heartless capitalist society and his own misguided dreams, Willys eventual suicide is presented with tragic dimensions. His beliefs may be misguided, but he stays true to them to the end. Although he has neither social nor intellectual stature, Willy has dignity, and he strives to maintain this as his life falls apart around him.  [8]   Displacement is also a major feature of Jean Rhyss novel, Wide Sargasso Sea. First published in 1966, it is a prequel to Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre, first published in 1847. The novel uses nature as a means of developing the narrative of Rochesters first wife, Bertha Mason, here known as Antoinette Cosway, a young woman who feels herself displaced following the freeing of the slaves who had worked on her familys plantation. The very word place occurs many times in the novel  [9]  and Antoinette seeks solace in what she sees as an Eden garden, her former home, from which she is cast out: A very important early set piece is Antoinettes description of the garden at Coulibri, where she was a child, a garden which was probably based on Rhyss memories of her mothers family estate at Geneva. It marks childhood as taking place in a damaged Eden.  [10]  The description of the garden is thus very important to an understanding of Antoinette and of the way Rhys uses her connection with nature to aid her character and thematic development: Our garden was large and beautiful as that garden in the Bible the tree of life grew there. But it had gone wild. The paths were overgrown and a smell of dead flowers mixed with the fresh living smell. Underneath the tree ferns, tall as forest tree ferns, the light was green. Orchids flourished out of reach or for some reason not to be touched. One was snaky looking, another like an octopus with long thin brown tentacles bare of leaves hanging from a twisted root. Twice a year the octopus orchid flowered then not an inch of tentacle showed. It was a bell-shaped mass of white, mauve, deep purples, wonderful to see. The scent was very sweet and strong. I never went near it.  [11]   The possessive pronoun with which this paragraph opens immediately establishes the dichotomy of Antoinettes situation. This is her home, it should feel like hers but it does not. The beauty she infers has a duplicitous lushness because it has gone wild, emblematic of a land which has lost control, albeit for a positive reason. The living and the dead mix and encroach upon one another, and there is a serpent in the garden in the snaky orchids. Moreover, the twisted root implies a distortion of what was meant to be, metaphorically echoing Antoinettes displacement. In addition, this is not the only example of places appearing resonant of disposition and/or situation: Places are extremely alive in this novel: the menacing, lush garden at Coulibri, the mysterious bathing pool at Coulibri, sunset by the huts of the plantation workers, the road from the village of Massacre up to Granbois, the sea and sky at sunset from the ajoupa or thatched shelter at Granbois, the bathing pools at Granboi s (the champagne pool and the nutmeg pool) the forest where Antoinettes husband wanders until he is lost, the road to Christophines home, the trees and bamboos around the house at Granbois.  [12]  Here, Antoinette appears simultaneously intoxicated and repelled by the sweet and strong of the garden, which perhaps says something about her similarly ambivalent attitude towards those around her and they to her: The picture we now have of Rhys and her heroines is that of a passive, impotent, self-victimized schizoid who, comfortable with failure, wields her helplessness like a weapon all as natural as being female.  [13]  The presentation of nature at the honeymoon house is similarly difficult to place, seeming to be one thing but actually being another, but her former home is a sacred space where Antoinette hugs to herself the secret hidden in Coulibri.  [14]  It is, indeed, these secrets in isolation, echoed in the descriptions of Antoinettes homeland that make the repres entation of nature in Wide Sargasso Sea so clearly an imperative of the text: As long as Antoinette can remember and order the events of her memories into a temporal or causal sequence, create even an illusion of sequence and maintain a measured sense of space and time, then she can hold her life and self together. Her act of narration becomes an act of affirmation and cohesion, a nod to the world and its conventions, an attempt to prevent herself from dissolving. When, in Part Three, Antoinette lies encaged in Thornfield Halls dark, cold attic, the threads that hold her to the reality that the world perceives as sanity finally break. These threads are the elements of conventional narrative: linear chronology, sequence, narratorial lucidity, distance. She herself admits at this point that time has no meaning; sequence disintegrates into a confusion of present and past and ultimately into a dream which narrates her future.  [15]   This has been quoted at length because it addresses many of the literary devices that the novelist, as opposed to the playwright or poet, can use to develop a theme. With regard to nature, it is used by Rhys, as suggested above, to create a temporal space for Antoinette that is emblematic of the identity she has lost. The wildness which is encroaching upon the Eden of the garden, later to be completely destroyed, is an example of the way in which the novelist can use one strong image to lead into another, both being resonant of the past. Indeed, again as stated above, the act of telling the tale creates the character in the mind of the reader and the locations in which she is placed are connected to that, as is the temporal dislocation which memory produces and which is often, as with Antoinette, indicative of her state of mind. The evocation of nature as a turbulent and emotive presence adds to this, with the sea as the ultimate semiotic of challenge, chaos and dislocation. Grace Nichols second collection of verse, The Fat Black Womans Poems, published in 1984, also uses nature to evoke a particular image. However, as this is poetry, the linguistic and literary devices used are very different from either those of the playwright and/or novelist. Nichols grew up in Guyana  [16]  but has made her life and career in England, she has lived and worked in Britain since 1977  [17]  , and this cross-cultural imperative is very much evident in her work: her poems frequently acknowledge the alien climate, geography, and culture of Englands cities  [18]  Within The Fat Black Womans Poems, Nichols seeks to evoke a different perception of beauty from that which is shown in white Western culture: Nichols also deploys the fat black woman as a powerful challenge to the tyranny of Western notions of female beauty  [19]  and thus engender a new heroine, a woman who revises the aesthetic of female beauty.  [20]  One of the techniques Nichols employs to do this is combining nature with an aspect of the physical self, as here in Thoughts drifting through the fat black womans head while having a full bubble bath: Steatopygous sky Steatopygous sea Steatopygous waves Steatopygous me  [21]   The unfamiliar word, steatopygous (meaning having fully rounded buttocks) is repeated for emphasis and juxtaposed with images of nature so as to produce an emblem of the black woman as close to nature, her body shaped like the sky, waves and sea. Nichols is empowering black women in image by doing this as she does by giving the black woman her own unique voice: In making the fat black woman the speaking subject of many of these poems, Nichols signals her refusal to occupy the subject(ed) position designated for the black woman by history and to insist on more complex subjectivities.  [22]  Nichols is also concerned that the voice should seem naturalistic and therefore the natural images perform yet another function: Like many Afro-Caribbean writers, Nichols infuses her poetry with the spiritual energy of the tradition of women before her, a tradition that has little written record.  [23]   In another poem from the collection, Beauty, this reproduction of a different image of physical appeal can also be seen to be connected with nature: Beauty is a fat black woman walking the fields pressing a breezed hibiscus to her cheek while the sun lights up her feet Beauty is a fat black woman riding the waves drifting in happy oblivion while the sea turns back to hug her shape  [24]   Again, the woman is juxtaposed with nature, providing a unity between the persona and her surroundings which is both literal and metaphorical. Repetition is used once more by the poet to emphasise the connection between the theme of the collection and beauty in abstract. Indeed, the word Beauty, the only capitalised word in the poem, is set alone on a line, as is hibiscus, as if to stress its importance as an emblem or iconic of what Nichols says is an imperative i.e. that this is what beauty unequivocally is. There is a mutual embrace between the woman and nature, she pressing the hibiscus/to her cheek and the sea turn[ing] back/to hug her shape. It is as if Nichols is suggesting that the fat black woman who is riding the waves/drifting in happy oblivion is in unison with nature and recognised by it as being so. All of nature, indeed, like the sun [that] lights up her feet is glorifying her and she it. There is no punctuation in the verses, emphasising the smooth, natural flow of th e descriptions and the way in which they are intended to imply all that is inherently natural. As Nichols writes in The Assertion, This is my birthright  [25]  and thus the investigation of beauty within the poems becomes a socio-political imperative, too. In conclusion, all three texts Millers Death of a Salesman, Rhyss Wide Sargasso Sea and Nichols The Fat Black Womans Poems all use nature as a way of enlarging upon and more effectively demonstrating their central concerns. An important element of this is the way in which pathetic fallacy is used by the authors, i.e. nature reflecting and/or suggesting a mood or theme. As the three texts discussed here are from different genres, they of course use nature in different ways, employing different literary devices, as has been shown. However, for each of the authors nature is singularly important and enriches the individual texts immeasurably. In the final analysis, therefore, it might be suggested, indeed, that nature itself becomes almost a communicative character within each of the very different works discussed within this essay, as its importance to the creation and communication of each cannot be overestimated.