Spanish Idioms of the Form Tener Noun

In Spanish, you can have it all. Thats because tener, the verb meaning to have in the sense of to possess (haber is the equivalent of the English auxiliary verb to have) is frequently used in idioms to refer to a wide range of emotions and other states of being. While we may say in English that you are hungry or a person is thirsty, in Spanish we say the equivalent of you have hunger or someone has thirst. Thus tienes hambre means you are hungry and tiene sed means he/she is thirsty. Tener Phrases Often Preferred to Adjectives Most of the tener noun idioms arent hard to learn, as they generally make sense as long as you know what the noun part of the phrase means. What can be challenging is learning when their use is preferred. For example, you may be aware that there is an adjective, hambriento, that means hungry. But youre unlikely to hear a sentence such as estoy hambriento (just as you arent likely to hear a native English speaker say, I have hunger, even though the sentence would be understood and grammatically correct). Usually, the tener noun idioms are translated using the English verb to be followed by an adjective. Following are some of the most common such uses of tener. tener cabeza (para), to have a mind (for): Tu hermana tiene cabeza para los negocios. (Your sister has a mind for business.)tener calor, to be hot: Siempre tienes calor. (Youre always hot.)tener carià ±o, to be fond: Pablo tiene carià ±o a Marà ­a. (Paul is fond of Mary.)tener celos, to be jealous: Tengo celos a mi hermana. (Im jealous of my sister.)tener claro, to be clear or sure:  Tenemos claro que podemos ayudar a mejorar nuestra sociedad. (Were sure that we can help improve our society.)  tener complejos, to be mentally insecure:  Tengo complejos con mi estilo de vida actual. (Im insecure about my current lifestyle.)tener cuidado, to be careful: Espero que tengas cuidado con el libro. (I hope youre careful with the book.)tener la culpa, to be guilty or at fault: Mi padre dijo que tengo la culpa. (My father said its my fault.)tener derecho, to have the right: Tengo derecho de votar. (I have the right to vote.)tener efecto, to have an effect: La hipnosis tiene efecto en e l cerebro. (Hypnosis does not have an effect on the brainl)tener à ©xito, to be successful: El jefe tiene un gran à ©xito. (The boss is very successful.)tener frà ­o, to be cold: Hace viento. Tengo frà ­o. (Its windy. Im cold.)tener ganas de infinitive, to be in the mood for, to feel like doing something: Tengo ganas de comer una hamburguesa. (I feel like eating a hamburger.)tener hambre, to be hungry: No ha comido. Tiene hambre. (He hasnt eaten. Hes hungry.)tener ilusià ³n, to be enthusiastic: Tiene ilusià ³n por viajar a California. (Hes enthusiastic about traveling to California.)tener miedo a noun, to be afraid of: Mi hermana tiene miedo a los serpientes. (My sister is afraid of snakes.)tener miedo de infinitive, to be afraid of: Tiene miedo de nadar. (Hes afraid of swimming.)tener prisa, to be in a hurry: Tengo prisa. El teatro comienza a las ocho. (Im in a hurry. The play begins at 8.)tener razà ³n, to be right: El cliente siempre tiene razà ³n. (The customer is alw ays right.)tener sed, to be thirsty: He trabajado mucho. Tengo sed. (Ive worked a lot. Im thirsty.)tener sueà ±o, to be tired or sleepy: No has dormido. Tendrà ¡s sueà ±o. (You havent slept. You must be tired.)tener suerte, to be lucky: Mi hijo ganà ³ la loterà ­a. Tiene mucha suerte. (My son won the lottery. Hes very lucky.)tener vergà ¼enza, to be ashamed: Matà © a mi amigo. Tengo mucha vergà ¼enza. (I killed my friend. Im so ashamed.) Because tener is used so often to indicate mental states, it can be used by itself to ask someone how he or she is doing, especially if you suspect something is wrong:  ¿Quà © tienes? Whats up with you? Note that the adjective mucho or mucha can be used with the noun portion of the idiom to indicate degree as is expressed by very in English: Tengo sed, Im thirsty. Tengo mucha sed, Im very thirsty. Note also that tener is irregular in its conjugation.

USS Ranger CV-4 World War II Aircraft Carrier

Commissioned in 1934, USS Ranger (CV-4) was the US Navys first purpose-built aircraft carrier. Though relatively small, Ranger helped pioneer several design features that were incorporated in the later Yorktown-class carriers. At it was too slow to operate with its larger successors in the Pacific, Ranger saw extensive service in the Atlantic during World War II. This included supporting the Operation Torch landings in North Africa and conducting attacks on German shipping in Norway. Moved into a training role in 1944, Ranger was decommissioned and scrapped after the war. Design Development In the 1920s, the US Navy commenced the construction of its first three aircraft carriers. These efforts, which produced USS Langley (CV-1), USS Lexington (CV-2), and USS Saratoga (CV-3), all involved the conversion of existing hulls into carriers. As work on these ships progressed, the US Navy began designing its first purpose-built carrier. These efforts were constrained by the limits imposed by the Washington Naval Treaty which capped both the size of individual ships and the total tonnage. With the completion of Lexington and Saratoga, the US Navy had 69,000 tons remaining which could be assigned to aircraft carriers.  As such, the US Navy intended for the new design to displace 13,800 tons per ship so that five carriers could be constructed. Despite these intentions, only one ship of the new class would actually be built.   Dubbed USS Ranger (CV-4), the new carriers name hearkened back to the sloop of war commanded by Commodore John Paul Jones during the American Revolution. Laid down at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company on September 26, 1931, the carriers initial design called for an unobstructed flight deck with no island and six funnels, three to side, that were hinged to fold horizontally during air operations. Aircraft were housed below on a semi-open hangar deck and brought to the flight deck via three elevators. Though smaller than Lexington and Saratoga, Rangers purpose-built design led to an aircraft capacity that was only marginally less than its predecessors. The carriers reduced size did present certain challenges as its narrow hull required the use of geared turbines for propulsion.   Launch of USS Ranger (CV-4) at Newport News, Virginia, February 25, 1933.   US Naval History and Heritage Command Changes As work on Ranger progressed, alterations to the design occurred including the addition of an island superstructure on the starboard side of the flight deck. The ships defensive armament consisted of eight 5-inch guns and forty .50-inch machine guns. Sliding down the ways on February 25, 1933, Ranger was sponsored by First Lady Lou H. Hoover. Over the next year, work continued and the carrier was completed. Commissioned on June 4, 1934 at the Norfolk Navy Yard with Captain Arthur L. Bristol in command, Ranger commenced shakedown exercises off the Virginia Capes before beginning air operations on June 21. The first landing on the new carrier was conducted by Lieutenant Commander A.C. Davis flying a Vought SBU-1. Further training for Rangers air group was conducted in August. USS Ranger (CV-4) OverviewNation: United StatesType: Aircraft CarrierShipyard: Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock CompanyLaid Down: September 26, 1931Launched: February 25, 1933Commissioned: June 4, 1934Fate: ScrappedSpecificationsDisplacement: 14,576 tonsLength: 730 ft.Beam: 109 ft., 5 in.Draft: 22 ft., 4.875 in.Propulsion: 6 Ãâ€" boilers, 2 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 2 Ãâ€" shaftsSpeed: 29.3 knotsRange: 12,000 nautical miles at 15 knotsComplement: 2,461 menArmament8 Ãâ€" 5 in./25 cal anti-aircraft guns40 Ãâ€" .50 in. machine gunsAircraft76-86 aircraft Interwar Years Later in August, Ranger departed on an extended shakedown cruise to South America which included port calls at Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, and Montevideo. Returning to Norfolk, VA, the carrier conducted operations locally before receiving orders for the Pacific in April 1935. Passing through the Panama Canal, Ranger arrived at San Diego, CA on the 15th. Remaining in the Pacific for the next four years, the carrier took part in fleet maneuvers and war games as far west as Hawaii and as far south as Callao, Peru while also experimenting with cold weather operations off Alaska. In January 1939, Ranger departed California and sailed for Guantanamo Bay, Cuba to participate in winter fleet maneuvers. With the completion of these exercises, it steamed to Norfolk where it arrived in late April. USS Ranger (CV-4) at sea, 1930s. US Naval History and Heritage Command   Operating along the East Coast through the summer of 1939, Ranger was assigned to the Neutrality Patrol that fall following the outbreak of World War II in Europe. The initial responsibility of this force was to track warlike operations of combatant forces in the Western Hemisphere. Patrolling between Bermuda and Argentia, Newfoundland, Rangers seakeeping ability was found lacking as it proved difficult to conduct operations in heavy weather. This issue had been identified earlier and helped contribute to the design of the later Yorktown-class carriers. Continuing with the Neutrality Patrol through 1940, the carriers air group was one of the first to receive the new Grumman F4F Wildcat fighter that December. In In late 1941, Ranger was returning to Norfolk from a patrol to Port-of-Spain, Trinidad when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7. World War II Begins Departing Norfolk two weeks later, Ranger conducted a patrol of the South Atlantic before entering dry dock in March 1942. Undergoing repairs, the carrier also received the new RCA CXAM-1 radar. Deemed too slow to keep up with newer carriers, such as USS Yorktown (CV-5) and USS Enterprise (CV-6), in Pacific, Ranger remained in the Atlantic to support operations against Germany. With the completion of repairs, Ranger sailed on April 22 to deliver a force of sixty-eight P-40 Warhawks to Accra, Gold Coast. Returning to Quonset Point, RI in late May, the carrier conducted a patrol to Argentia before delivering a second cargo of P-40s to Accra in July. Both shipments of P-40s were destined for China where they were to serve with the American Volunteer Group (Flying Tigers). With the completion of this mission, Ranger operated off Norfolk before joining four new Sangamon-class escort carriers (Sangamon, Suwannee, Chenango, and Santee) at Bermuda. SBD Dauntless dive bomber landing on USS Ranger (CV-4), June 1942. US Naval History and Heritage Command Operation Torch Leading this carrier force, Ranger provided air superiority for the Operation Torch landings in Vichy-ruled French Morocco in November 1942. Early on November 8, Ranger began launching aircraft from a position approximately 30 miles northwest of Casablanca. While F4F Wildcats strafed Vichy airfields, SBD Dauntless dive bombers struck at Vichy naval vessels. In three days of operations, Ranger launched 496 sorties which resulted in the destruction of around 85 enemy aircraft (15 in the air, approx. 70 on the ground), the sinking of the battleship Jean Bart, severe damage to the destroyer leader Albatros, and attacks on the cruiser Primaugut. With the fall of Casablanca to American forces on November 11, the carrier departed for Norfolk the next day. Arriving, Ranger underwent an overhaul from December 16, 1942 to February 7, 1943. US Navy F4F Wildcats take off from USS Ranger (CV-4) during the invasion of North Africa. US Naval History and Heritage Command With the Home Fleet Departing the yard, Ranger carried a load of P-40s to Africa for use by the 58th Fighter Group before spending much of the summer of 1943 conducting pilot training off the New England coast. Crossing the Atlantic in late August, the carrier joined the British Home Fleet at Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands. Putting out on October 2 as part of Operation Leader, Ranger and a combined Anglo-American force moved towards Norway with the goal of attacking German shipping around Vestfjorden. Avoiding detection, Ranger began launching aircraft on October 4. Striking a short time later, the aircraft sank two merchant vessels in Bodo roadstead and damaged several more. Though located by three German aircraft, the carriers combat air patrol downed two and chased off the third. A second strike succeeded in sinking a freighter and a smaller coastal vessel. Returning to Scapa Flow, Ranger commenced patrols to Iceland with the British Second Battle Squadron. These continued until late November when the carrier detached and sailed for Boston, MA. Later Career Too slow to operate with the fast carrier forces in the Pacific, Ranger was designated as a training carrier and ordered to operate out of Quonset Point on January 3, 1944. These duties were interrupted in April when it transported a cargo of P-38 Lightning to Casablanca. While in Morocco, it embarked several damaged aircraft as well as numerous passengers for transport to New York. USS Ranger (CV-4) off Hampton Roads, VA, July 1944. US Naval History and Heritage Command After arriving in New York, Ranger steamed to Norfolk for an overhaul. Though Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Ernest King favored a massive overhaul to bring the carrier on par with its contemporaries, he was discouraged in following through by his staff who pointed out that the project would draw resources away from new construction. As a result, the project was limited to strengthening the flight deck, installation of new catapults, and improving the ships radar systems. With the completion of the overhaul, Ranger sailed for San Diego where it embarked Night Fighting Squadron 102 before pressing on to Pearl Harbor. From August to October, it conducted night carrier flight training operations in Hawaiian waters before returning to California to serve as a training carrier. Operating from San Diego, Ranger spent the remainder of the war training naval aviators off the California coast. With the end of the war in September, it transited the Panama Canal and made stops at New Orleans, LA, Pensacola, FL, and Norfolk before reaching the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard on November 19. After a brief overhaul, Ranger resumed operations on the East Coast until being decommissioned on October 18, 1946. The carrier was sold for scrap the following January.

Cell Phones in the Hands of Drivers a Risk or Benefit

Cell Phones in the Hands of Drivers A Risk or a Benefit Ariana Laguna English 102 Professor Barnes/Walter 10 December 2012 Outline THESIS: Unless the risks of cell phones are shown to outweigh the benefits, we should not restrict their use in moving vehicles: instead, we should educate the public about the dangers of driving while phoning and prosecute irresponsible phone users under laws on negligent and reckless driving. I. Scientific studies havent proved a link between use of cell phones and traffic accidents. A. A study by Redelmeier and Tibshirani was not conclusive, as the researchers themselves have admitted. B. Most states do not keep records on accidents caused by driver distractions. C. In a survey of†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, most states do not keep adequate records on the number of times phones are a factor in accidents. As of December 2000, only ten states were trying to keep such records (Sundeen 2). In addition, currently there is little scientific evidence comparing the use of cell phones with other driver distractions: fiddling with the radio, smoking, eating, putting on makeup, shaving, and so on. Alasdair Cain and Mark Burries of the Center Urban Transportation Research surgery research on the cell phone issue as of 1999 and concluded that there is no nationally-accredited document to prove the connection between mobile phone use and traffic accidents. Becaus e research results have been so inconclusive, it makes sense to wait before passing laws that might well be unnecessary. Weighting risks and benefits In 2000, researchers at the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis found that the risk of driving while phoning were small compared with other driving risks. Whereas the cell phone users chance of dying are about 6 in a million per year, someone not wearing a seat belt has a risk of 49.3 per million, and someone driving a small car has a risk of 14.5 per million (3). 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If all states ban the use of cellRead MoreThe Banning Texting While Driving1463 Words   |  6 PagesMany states prohibit texting while driving. In fact, laws have been established that prevent drivers from using their cell phone unless it is an emergency. About 73% of drivers say it is easy to text and drive, however 1.3 million car crashes are caused by texting and driving. An effort to band texting and driving in Texas is at limbo in the Senate and was one vote shy of having enough members agree to bring it to the floor. (Tinsley 1) Senator Judith Zaffirini, D-Lared o states that they are so veryRead MoreDistracted Driving: A Menace to Safety Essay667 Words   |  3 PagesVanderbilt; it’s clear that distracted driving puts drivers and passengers at significant risk, yet laws are only now starting to appear concerning the issue, and it’s not yet culturally unacceptable. The fact that distracted driving poses a significant risk is undisputable. According to Janet Froetscher, president and CEO of the National Safety Council, â€Å"driver inattention causes 80% of crashes† (Politico). Texting requires at least one hand to be removed from the steering wheel, as well as the

Decision Making Classification Of Terms Of Art And Science

From CH7; 2. I would say that decision making should be considered as a combination of both science and art as it basically involves scientific logic implementations along with the facts as well as creative and psychological abilities of every individual. Besides, it also includes methodology, philosophy and theory which are primarily required for reporting highly important decisions in a righteous manner. I would like to describe in detail about decision making classification in terms of art and science. As an art: Improving individual’s performance is the key to master the art of decision making as it is a specific skill which is received, sharpened and mastered by an individual. In practical terms, every individual can check or examine mistakes that have been significantly made in the past when they completely understand the basic and important elements of a clever and smooth decision. On the other hand, every individual can make the best choices for decisions to get better outputs/results when they know the hidden or unexpressed constituents of social and economic elements that majorly influence decision making. 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Influences affecting consumers buying fashionable clothes Free Essays

Subject : Influences affecting consumers buying fashionable clothes There are many different factors which could afect the buying behaviour of the consumers when it comes to fashion and clothing. There are two types of behaviour,the individual type which depends on the individuals tastes and the environmantal type which depends on culture and society. We also bare in mind that most of the people we cater for, range from an age of 15 to and age of 30 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Influences affecting consumers buying fashionable clothes or any similar topic only for you Order Now As i mentioned previously culture is a very important factor when it comes to the production of clothes and fashion and we are very aware of it since our company is situated in india. Even now with the idea of globilization in today’s young people’s minds, there is still a tendency to follow the country’s tradition or habbits which changes the buying behaviour of our potential customers drastically. Therefore we have to cater and adapt to the country’s traditions and wants. It would be a big mistake to try and sell clothes that go against these people’s culture or religion, because they simply won’t buy them. But this dosent mean that we shouldn’t produce clothes that go against these peoples culture since in the country there is a certain percentage of people not following this culture or same tradition. This percentage is called the sub-culture which is very important for our company. As a fashion clothing design company we should keep in mind gender. Nowadays gender are more or less equal so it is important to balance the stock we have for both sexes. Age is also important as i mentioned above. We must cater for the majority age group. Lifestyles also shouldn’t be neglected. this area is extremely important when it comes to producing clothing. Since our main market are students there are two factors which influence their lifestyle. One influence are the reference groups and aspiration groups. A good example of these are famous people known to these students like singers or actors. These people manage to introduce any kind of fashion ranging from all sorts of weird fashion back to old fashioned ways of dressing. Therefore its hard but important to keep up to date wit these changes in fashion so that we can supply our customers with what they want. Another influence is family. Many times students are represented by the parents but its not that common anymore. Its more likely that they are represented by an older brother or sister. Social classes are very important to look at when producing clothes. In a country one finds different social classes and therefore there is a choice. We either cater for all the different classes or choose the class which has the majority of potential buyers. For example the Upper social class are more likely to buy a classic neet shirt or trousers whilst the middle social class would be happy wit a T-shirt and a pair non classy trousers, for example jeans. But since we are catering for a group of people who are students they are more likely to buy new fashion so we have to satisfy their needs buy selling them what they want like the latest fashion at a price that can satisfy their income. Another factor that i think should be mentioned is the marketing effort shown by the employees for hight customer recognition. If this is done it puts a vital good light on our brand and outlet. They should do their best to please the customer so that the customer gets a good impression and leaves the shop satisfied. All the factors mentioned above are very important and should be followed up to obtain a higher sales volume. They should be researched and examined and also kept up to date as much as possible. If this is done the company will have great success not only with its present customers but also with new ones to come. How to cite Influences affecting consumers buying fashionable clothes, Papers

Is There Another Earth Out There Essay Example For Students

Is There Another Earth Out There? Essay Is There Another Earth Out There?(adopted from an article by Guillermo Gonzalez, Donald Brownlee and Peter D. Ward, Refugees for Life in a Hostile Universe, Scientific American, October 2001) Is there life on other planets? Science has been trying to answer this question for a long time. In the article, the authors argue that it is highly improbable that complex life forms exist in our galaxy. To quote the authors: â€Å"Researchers are now casting a skeptical eye on musings about the prevalence of intelligent life throughout the Milky Way†. Furthermore, according to the article, not only may most of the solar system be unfriendly to multi-cellular or complex organisms, the same may be true of much of the galaxy. In fact, in recent years, astronomers have gained an appreciation of just how deadly our galaxy can be, filled as it is with exploding stars, radiation, and stellar close encounters. We will write a custom essay on Is There Another Earth Out There? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Creating a Hospitable PlanetHow does one determine the hospitality of a planet? Within a given planetary system, astronomers describe the optimal locations for life in terms of the cicumstellar habitable zone (CHZ). The CHZ is generally considered to be a region around a star where liquid water can persist on the surface of an Earth-like planet for at least a few billion years. In 1999, there was a proposed concept of a galactic equivalent to the CHZ: the galactic habitable zone (GHZ). The GHZ defines the most hospitable places in the Milky Way-those that are neither too close nor too far from the galactic center. The boundaries of the galactic habitable zone are set by two requirements: a). the availability of material to build a habitable planet and b). adequate seclusion from cosmic threats. a. In order for a planet to be created, sufficient building material must exist. Interestingly, metals are the building blocks of Earth-like planets. In fact, the abundance of metals affects t he size of the planets that can form. Size, in turn, determines whether a planet can retain an atmosphere and sustain geologic activity. The abundance of metals is measured by metallicy-the ratio of the number of metal atoms to the number of hydrogen atoms. Particularly, the lower the metallicy of a planet, the lower is the abundance of metals. In fact, without enough metals, large planets can not form at all. On the other hand, too high of a metallicity can also be a problem. High metallicity increases the density of the protoplanetary disk and therefore induces the giant planets to shift position. The result of such shift is that such planet will throw any smaller, Earth-like bodies out of the system all together or push them into the sun. b. Metallicy is not enough to determine hospitality of a planet. To contain life, a planet must also be kept reasonable safe from outside threats, such as the impact of asteroids and comets. Blasts of radiation also present a problem. Until a ce rtain point, a planet’s magnetic field can fend off most particle radiation and its ozone layer can screen out dangerous electromagnetic radiation. However, sufficiently energetic radiation can ionize the atmosphere and generate nitrogen oxides in amounts capable of wiping out the ozone layer. Energetic radiation hitting the atmosphere can also let loose a deadly rain of secondary particles. Effects on EarthIn many ways, the Milky Way is unusually hospitable: a disk galaxy with orderly orbits, comparatively little dangerous activity (comets and asteroids) and plenty of metals. Earth satisfies the requirement for optimal metallicity. The mix of land and sea on Earth is important for atmospheric temperature control and other processes. In our solar system, the frequency of asteroid impact depends on the details of Jupiter’s orbit and formation; the rest of the galaxy has no direct effect. As far as radiation is concerned, the nucleus of the Milky Way is currently relativ ely inactive. To quote the author: â€Å"If our ideas about the GHZ are correct, we live within an especially comfortable region of the Milky Way. Any civilization seeking a new world would, no doubt, place our solar system on their home-shopping list†. .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 , .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .postImageUrl , .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 , .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39:hover , .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39:visited , .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39:active { border:0!important; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39:active , .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39 .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6ec6c25cefe18b362ab35a85501caf39:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hiv & Multiple Bereavement Syndrome EssayThe Possibility of Life on Other PlanetsGiven the above factors, can one determine if there is life on other planets? According to the article, such can be determined. The outlook on the possibility of extra-terrestrial life, however, is weak. Various reasons exist for author’s opinion. The authors argue that only part of the Milky Way satisfies the requirement of optimal metallicity. Taking into account the disk metallicity, rough limits can be placed on the GHZ both in space and in time. In fact, few planets in our galaxy satisfy the requirement for optimal metallicity. The broad universe looks even less inviting than our g alaxy. About 80 percent of stars in the local universe reside in galaxies that are less luminous than Milky Way. Because the average metallicity of a galaxy correlates with its luminosity, entire galaxies could be deficient in Earth-size planets. As far as cosmic threats are concerned, the cometary threat is very sensitive to the galactic environment. The frequency of comet perturbation depends on the position in the Milky Way. As one goes toward the galactic center, the density of starts increases, so there are more close encounters. Comets are thought to reside in two long-term reservoirs: the Kuiper belts and the Oort cloud. Other stars probably have similar retinues. All this suggests that complex life form is rare in the galaxy. The inner regions of our galaxy suffer from orbital instabilities, radiation bursts, and cometary perturbations. The outer regions are safer, but because of the lower metallicity, terrestrial planets are typically smaller there. Another effect concerns the dynamics of stars in a galaxy. Stars in elliptical galaxies have randomized orbits and are therefore more likely to frequent their more dangerous central positions. Thus, as this paper has described, life on other planets is highly improbable. The authors attempted to explain why, in their opinion, it is difficult for complex life forms to exist in the universe. So for now, extra-terrestrials will remain in science-fiction stories. Interstellar travelers in books will continue to visit exotic locales in the Milky Way and meet with interesting aliens. As far as reality is concerned, however, the question of extra-terrestrial life still remains unanswered. Astronomy Essays

Legal Protection For Minorities Essay Example For Students

Legal Protection For Minorities? Essay Do you think that special interest groups such as homosexuals, women, and other minorities need special constitutional amendments to protect them from discrimination? Explain. Whenever this subject is brought up it usually brings a lot of controversy with it. I am one of many I am sure who is torn when it comes to discussing the rights of minority groups. Although I dont feel that any specific group deserves special protection over another group; I do feel that all groups of people deserve equal protection under the law regardless of race, nationality, religion, political views, gender, disability, or sexual orientation. Most all of these minority groups are protected under the law but one that isnt are gays, lesbians, and bisexuals. Employment discrimination is the most common complaint received by the American Civil Liberties Union from gays and lesbians. As of mid-1996, Americans can be legally fired from their jobs simply because of their sexual orientation in 41 states. That number is still the same to this very day. A study showed that gays earned from 11 to 17% less and lesbians earn 5 to 14% less than the national average. The American Civil Liberties Union claims that the only thing close to a representative survey suggests that lesbians and gay men generally earn less than their heterosexual counterparts. But even if the average homosexual earned more than the average heterosexual, there would still be many gays and lesbians discriminated against in employment, and in need of legal protection of some sort. When the first civil rights bill to follow the US civil war was debated in Congress, it was criticized for granting special rights to Afro-Americans. When the Civil Rights Act was debated in 1964, it was criticized because it would attack individual freedom of choice in hiring. But it passed. It guaranteed protection against discrimination in employment on the basis of race, religion, gender, national origin, and disability. But the Civil rights Act gave no protection for people on the basis of sexual orientation. As of October 1998, only 12 states in the US had passed civil rights legislation protecting homosexual worker. This means that in 80% of the states, an employer is perfectly within their rights to fire (or refuse to hire, or refuse to promote) an employee solely because of their sexual orientation. This puts heterosexuals, homosexuals and bisexuals all at risk of being fired. A bill was introduced in the mid 1970s which would do for gays and lesbians what it had done for Afro-Americans, and women and others. It went nowhere. Another version of the bill was presented to congress in 1994. It was called the Employment Non-Discrimination Act or ENDA. It was supported by President. Clinton, and reintroduced in September of 1996 with the backing of the House and Senate Democratic minority leaders. The bill was characterized by conservative Republicans as controversial, immoral, and un-American. Although it made it to the Senate it was not passed, and would not have had a chance at all in the house. Homosexuality, though not supported by many Americans, is a way of life; and no reason for someone to be legally discriminated against under United States law. America is supposed to be a land of equal opportunity; not a land of equal opportunity for everyone except those who lead lifestyles different than ours. Social Issues Essays